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How to Earn a Billion Dollars

如何赚到十个亿

作者:Paul Graham(paulgraham

(This is based on a talk I gave at the Oxford Union.)

(本文基于我在牛津辩论社发表的一场演讲。)

Since this is apparently the future prime ministers' club, I'm going to tell you about something it would be good if more politicians understood: I'm going to tell you how people become billionaires. I hope this will be useful to you even if you don't plan to go into politics. Those of you who don't become prime minister can become billionaires instead.

意译: 既然这里显然是未来首相们的俱乐部,我打算跟你们谈谈一些如果能有更多政客了解就好了的事情:我将告诉你们人们是如何成为亿万富翁的。我希望即使你们不打算从政,这些内容对你们也会有用。你们当中那些当不成首相的人,可以转而成为亿万富翁。

直译: 既然这显然是未来首相的俱乐部,我将告诉你们关于一些事情,(这些事情)如果更多政治家理解将会很好:我将告诉你们人们如何成为亿万富翁。我希望这将对你们有用,即使你们不计划进入政治。你们中那些不成为首相的人,可以代替成为亿万富翁。

The reason I know about this topic is that 21 years ago Jessica and I started something called Y Combinator. If you haven't heard of Y Combinator, it's a cross between an investment firm and a school for startup founders. Since we started it in 2005 we've funded about 6500 companies.

意译: 我之所以了解这个话题,是因为21年前杰西卡和我创办了一个名为Y Combinator的机构。如果你没听说过Y Combinator,它可以说是投资公司和初创企业创始人学校的结合体。自2005年我们创办它以来,我们已经资助了大约6500家公司。

直译: 我知道关于这个话题的原因是,21年前杰西卡和我开始了一个被称为Y Combinator的东西。如果你没有听说过Y Combinator,它是一个在投资公司和初创企业创始人学校之间的交叉体。自从我们在2005年开始它,我们已经资助了大约6500家公司。

Starting a successful startup is the most common way to become a billionaire, so in effect I've spent the last 21 years training people to become billionaires. So far about 30 of them have, but there are many more in the pipeline.

意译: 创办一家成功的初创公司是成为亿万富翁最常见的途径,因此实际上,在过去的21年里,我一直在训练人们成为亿万富翁。到目前为止,他们中大约有30人已经做到了,但还有更多的人正在路上。

直译: 创办一个成功的初创企业是成为亿万富翁的最常见方式,所以实际上我已经花了过去21年训练人们去成为亿万富翁。到目前为止他们中大约30个已经(成为了),但是有许多更多在管道中。

So you can imagine how astonished I was last month when an American politician said that it was impossible to earn a billion dollars. I felt like a skating coach hearing someone say that it's impossible to do a triple axel. Of course it's possible. It's hard, but it's possible.

意译: 所以你能想象,上个月当一位美国政客说不可能赚到十亿美元时,我有多么惊讶。我感觉自己就像一个滑冰教练,听到有人说不可能完成阿克塞尔三周跳一样。这当然是可能的。这确实很,但绝非不可能。

直译: 所以你可以想象我上个月是多么惊讶,当一个美国政客说赚十亿美元是不可能的。我感觉像一个滑冰教练听到某人说做一个阿克塞尔三周跳是不可能的。当然它是可能的。它是困难的,但它是可能的。

She wasn't saying, of course, that it's impossible to become a billionaire. Obviously that's possible. Nor was she talking about the distinction between income and capital gains. She wasn't making a point about accounting. What she meant was that it's impossible to get that rich without doing something bad — without cheating in some way.

意译: 当然,她并不是说成为亿万富翁是不可能的。显然那是有可能的。她也不是在谈论收入和资本利得之间的区别。她不是在发表关于会计学的观点。她的意思是,如果不干坏事——不以某种方式作弊——是不可能变得那么富有的。

直译: 当然,她不是在说,成为一个亿万富翁是不可能的。显然那是可能的。她也没有在谈论收入和资本利得之间的区别。她不是在提出一个关于会计的观点。她所意味的是,要变得那么富有而不做一些坏事——不在某种方式上作弊——是不可能的。

A couple days later I was talking to the founder of a startup I'd funded. I began by asking, as I usually do when I meet a founder, what her growth rate was. 93% last month, she said. I pointed out that this meant her net worth was also growing at 93% a month. She was getting richer at a stupendously rapid rate. And yet she hadn't been doing anything bad. The reason her startup was growing so fast was simply that users loved what she'd built. So she could feel from her own experience how wrong that politician was. She wasn't exploiting anyone. Exactly the opposite in fact. The reason her startup was growing so fast was that she and her cofounder had been working their asses off to make their users happy, and as a result the users had been telling their friends. And that gets you exponential growth.

意译: 几天后,我正在和一位我曾投资过的初创公司创始人交谈。我像往常遇到创始人时那样,首先问她的增长率是多少。她说,上个月是93%。我指出,这意味着她的净资产也在以每月93%的速度增长。她正在以极其惊人的速度变得更加富有。然而,她并没有做任何坏事。她的初创公司之所以增长如此之快,仅仅是因为用户喜欢她所打造的产品。因此,她能从自己的亲身经历中感受到那位政客错得有多离谱。她没有剥削任何人。事实上恰恰相反。她的初创公司之所以增长如此之快,是因为她和她的联合创始人一直在拼命工作以让他们的用户满意,结果用户一直在把产品推荐给他们的朋友。而这,就为你带来了指数级的增长。

Later that day I was talking about her case online, and someone replied that having a few million and growing at 93% a month was radically different from being a billionaire.

意译: 那天晚些时候,我在网上聊起她的案例,有人回复说:手头有几百万且每月保持93%的增长,这跟成为身价十亿的富翁有着天壤之别。

直译: 那天晚些时候我在网上谈论她的情况,并且有人回复说,拥有几百万并以每月93%的速度增长,与成为一个亿万富翁是根本不同的。

I suspect many people would agree with this statement. But it turns out not merely to be false, but false in a very illuminating way.

意译: 我猜想许多人都会认同这一说法。但事实证明,它不仅是错的,而且错得极具启发性。

直译: 我怀疑许多人会同意这个陈述。但是它结果不仅是错的,而且是以一种非常有启发性的方式错的。

So I would like you all to do me a favor please. I would like you to take out your phones and calculate a number. I know this may seem contrived, but I promise it will be useful for you. I'm going to have you do the most common kind of calculation I do as an investor, and the experience will bring home to you what startups are all about.

意译: 所以,我想请大家帮个忙。请大家拿出手机,算一个数字。我知道这可能显得有些刻意,但我保证这对你们会有用。我打算让你们做一下我作为投资人最常做的一种计算,而这个体验会让你们深刻理解初创企业究竟是怎么一回事。

直译: 所以我想要你们所有人帮我一个忙。我想要你们拿出你们的手机并计算一个数字。我知道这可能看起来是人为安排的,但我保证它对你们将是有用的。我将要让你们做我作为一个投资者所做的最常见的那种计算,并且这个经历将向你们清楚地阐明初创企业全都是关于什么的。

If we interpret his statement in the most conservative way and assume that a few means 2, her company has to grow 500x for her to become a billionaire. So we are going to calculate how many months of 93% growth it takes for something to grow 500x.

意译: 如果我们以最保守的方式来解读他的话,并假设“几个”就是指2个,那么她的公司必须实现500倍的增长,她才能成为亿万富翁。因此,我们接下来要计算一下:以每月93%的增速,实现500倍的增长究竟需要多少个月。

直译: 如果我们以最保守的方式解释他的声明,并假设几个意味着2,她的公司必须增长500倍为了她成为一个亿万富翁。所以我们将要计算它需要多少个月的93%的增长对于某物去增长500倍。

To do this we want to calculate the log base 1.93 of 500. The easiest way to do that is to go to Google search, which lets you do calculations right in the search box. So go to Google search and type log(500, 1.93). If you typed that right, the answer you get is about 9.45.

意译: 为了做到这一点,我们需要计算以1.93为底500的对数。最简单的方法是使用谷歌搜索,它允许你直接在搜索框中进行计算。所以,打开谷歌搜索并输入 log(500, 1.93)。如果你输入正确,得到的答案大约是9.45。

直译: 为了做这个,我们想要计算以1.93为底500的对数。做那件事最简单的方法是去谷歌搜索,它让你直接在搜索框里做计算。所以去谷歌搜索并键入 log(500, 1.93)。如果你把那个键入正确了,你得到的答案大约是9.45。

That is how many months of 93% growth it takes to become a billionaire, starting from 2 million. A couple million and 93% growth are not, in fact, radically different from a billion. They're nine and a half months apart.

意译: 从两百万起步,保持93%的增速,这就是成为亿万富翁所需的月数。事实上,两百万加上93%的增速,与十亿并没有天壤之别。它们之间仅仅相差九个半月。

直译: 那就是从两百万开始,成为一个亿万富翁需要多少个月93%的增长。两百万和93%的增长,事实上,与十亿并没有根本上的不同。它们相隔九个半月。

Now you see why, when I meet a founder, the first thing I ask about is their growth rate.

意译: 现在你明白为什么当我遇到一位创始人时,我问的第一件事就是他们的增长率了。

直译: 现在你明白了为什么,当我遇见一个创始人时,我询问的第一件事是他们的增长率。

But I don't want anyone to accuse me of using unrealistic numbers, so let's take a more conservative growth rate. Let's see what happens at 15% a month. That's not rare at all. I constantly encounter startups growing at 15% a month.

意译: 但我不想被人指责使用了不切实际的数字,所以我们来采用一个更保守的增长率。来看看每月增长15%会怎样。这种情况一点也不罕见。我经常碰到每月增长15%的初创公司。

直译: 但是我不想让任何人指责我使用不切实际的数字,所以让我们采用一个更保守的增长率。让我们看看在每月15%的情况下会发生什么。那根本不罕见。我不断地遇到以每月15%增长的初创公司。

If your revenues grow at 15% a month, how much more will you be making 5 years from now? To calculate that, we need to find 1.15 to the 60th power (since 5 years is 60 months). So go to Google again and this time type 1.15^60. The answer should be about 4384. Meaning in 5 years your startup will be making 4384 times as much. If you're currently making ten thousand a month, in five years you'll be making about 44 million a month, or 526 million a year. And at that point, if you own as much of the company as founders typically do, you will be a billionaire.

意译: 如果你的收入每月增长15%,5年后你会多赚多少钱?为了计算这个数字,我们需要求1.15的60次方(因为5年是60个月)。所以再次打开谷歌,这次输入1.15^60。答案应该大约是4384。这意味着5年后你的初创公司将赚取4384倍的收入。如果你现在每月赚一万,五年后你每月将赚约4400万,或者每年5.26亿。到那时,如果你像典型的创始人那样拥有公司同等比例的股份,你就会成为亿万富翁。

直译: 如果你的收入以每月15%的速度增长,从现在起5年后你将会多赚多少?为了计算那个,我们需要找到1.15的60次方(因为5年是60个月)。所以再次去谷歌,并且这一次输入1.15^60。答案应该大约是4384。意思是,在5年内你的初创公司将会赚取4384倍那么多。如果你目前每月赚一万,在五年内你将会每月赚大约4400万,或者一年5.26亿。并且在那个时间点,如果你拥有和创始人通常拥有的一样多的公司股份,你将会是一个亿万富翁。

In the real world, growth rates tend to slow down a bit. A very successful startup will probably be growing faster than 15% a month in year 1 and slower than 15% a month in year 5. But you end up in about the same place. If you start a startup in your early twenties, it's definitely possible to be a billionaire by the time you're thirty. Hard, but possible.

意译: 在现实世界中,增长率往往会略有放缓。一家非常成功的初创公司,在第一年的月增长率可能会超过15%,而在第五年的月增长率则会低于15%。但最终你们达到的高度是差不多的。如果你在二十出头时创立一家公司,到三十岁时成为亿万富翁是完全有可能的。这很困难,但并非不可能。

直译: 在真实世界里,增长率倾向于慢下来一点。一个非常成功的初创企业将可能在第一年以每个月快于15%的速度增长,并在第五年以每个月慢于15%的速度增长。但是你最终结束在大概相同的地方。如果你在你二十岁早期开始一个初创企业,到你三十岁的时候成为一个亿万富翁是绝对可能的。困难,但是可能。

I wanted you to feel this by doing the calculation yourselves, because now you understand one of the reasons people start startups. Exponential growth is like magic. It generates outcomes that seem impossible. And that's why some politicians distrust it. They don't understand the math of exponential growth, so when they see people becoming what seems to them impossibly rich, they assume they must have cheated.

意译: 我希望你们通过亲自计算来感受这一点,因为现在你们明白了人们创办初创公司的原因之一。指数级增长就像魔法一样。它能产生看似不可能的结果。这就是为什么一些政客不信任它。他们不理解指数级增长的数学原理,所以当他们看到人们变得在他们看来不可思议地富有的时候,他们就认定这些人肯定是作弊了。

直译: 我想要你们通过自己做计算来感觉这个,因为现在你们理解了人们开始初创企业的原因之一。指数增长像魔法。它产生似乎不可能的结果。并且那就是为什么一些政客不信任它。他们不理解指数增长的数学,所以当他们看见人们变成对他们而言似乎不可能地富有的时候,他们假定他们一定作弊了。

But now you at least understand, from having done the math yourselves, that you don't have to cheat to become a billionaire. You've seen for yourselves that there are only two numbers in the calculation, the growth rate and how long it continues. If it's impossible to make a billion dollars without cheating, which of those two numbers is impossible? It's certainly not impossible to grow at 15% a month without cheating. Startups do that all the time. And how long you can continue to grow at that rate depends on the size of the market. Obviously for you to grow 4000x, there has to be at least 4000x more demand. But that's all you need. And how could you possibly cheat to increase the market size?

意译: 但现在通过亲自计算,你们至少明白了一点:想成为亿万富翁并不需要靠作弊。你们已经亲眼看到,这个计算公式里只有两个变量:增长率以及增长持续的时间。如果不作弊就不可能赚到十亿美元,那么这两个变量中哪一个是不可能实现的呢?在不作弊的情况下,保持每月15%的增长率当然并非不可能,初创公司一直都在这么做。而你能以这个速度持续增长多久,则取决于市场规模。显然,要想实现4000倍的增长,就必须至少有4000倍以上的市场需求。但这正是你们所需要的一切。而且,你们怎么可能通过作弊来扩大市场规模呢?

直译: 但现在你们至少明白了,从你们自己做过计算来看,你们不必为了成为亿万富翁而作弊。你们已经亲自看到计算中只有两个数字,增长率和它持续多久。如果在不作弊的情况下赚十亿美元是不可能的,那两个数字中哪一个是不可能的?在不作弊的情况下每月增长15%当然不是不可能的。初创公司一直都在做那个。而你能以那个速度继续增长多久取决于市场的大小。显然,为了让你增长4000倍,必须有至少4000倍更多的需求。但那就是你需要的一切。而且你怎么可能作弊去增加市场规模?

If you're only planning to become prime minister, you can stop paying attention now. We've proved that it is in fact possible to earn a billion dollars, because it only depends on two numbers, one of which startups routinely hit without cheating, and another that cheating couldn't possibly affect.

意译: 如果你只是打算当个首相,你现在就可以不用往下看了。我们已经证明,赚到十亿美元事实上是可能的,因为它仅仅取决于两个数字:其中一个数字,初创公司通常不靠作弊就能达到;而另一个数字,则是作弊根本无法影响的。

直译: 如果你仅仅计划成为首相,你现在可以停止关注了。我们已经证明了事实上赚取十亿美元是可能的,因为它仅仅依赖于两个数字,其中一个初创公司常规地在没有作弊的情况下达到,而另一个是作弊不可能影响的。

But if you actually want to become a billionaire, we should go into more detail. Especially about that first number, the growth rate. To grow at a consistent rate every month, you have to make something so good that people tell their friends about it. And in fact that's the other reason I always begin by asking founders their growth rate. It shows whether they've built the right thing.

意译: 但是,如果你真的想成为亿万富翁,我们应该探讨得更深入一些。特别是关于第一个数字——增长率。为了每个月都能以稳定的速度增长,你必须做出非常出色的产品,好到人们愿意向朋友推荐。事实上,这也是我总是以询问创始人增长率作为开场白的另一个原因。它能表明他们是否做出了正确的产品。

直译: 但是如果你实际上想要成为一个亿万富翁,我们应该进入更多细节。特别是关于那第一个数字,增长率。为了每个月以一个一致的速度增长,你必须制造如此好的某物,以至于人们告诉他们的朋友关于它。事实上那是另一个原因,我总是以询问创始人他们的增长率开始。它显示了他们是否已经建造了正确的东西。

So how, exactly, do you make something people like so much that they tell their friends about it? The problem with market economies, and also the great thing about market economies, is that it's hard to make something customers want that they don't already have. As soon as a new, satisfiable need is discovered, people rush to satisfy it. So you're going to have to discover a need that no one else knows about yet.

意译: 那么,你究竟如何才能制造出人们如此喜欢、甚至会口口相传的东西呢?市场经济的问题所在,同时也是其伟大之处在于,你很难制造出顾客想要却尚未拥有的东西。一旦某个新的、可被满足的需求被发现,人们就会蜂拥而至去满足它。因此,你将不得不去发现一个目前还没有其他人知道的需求。

直译: 那么,确切地说,你如何制造一些人们如此喜欢以至于他们告诉他们的朋友关于它的东西?关于市场经济的问题,以及关于市场经济的伟大之处,是很难制造一些顾客想要的那种他们还没有的东西。一当一个新的、可满足的需求被发现,人们就冲去满足它。所以你将不得不去发现一个还没有其他人知道的需求。

How do you do that? By feeling the need yourself.

意译: 你是如何做到那一点的?通过你自己亲自去感受这种需求

直译: 你怎么做那个?通过你自己感受这个需要

You're young, and usually young founders should make something that they themselves want. You don't have enough experience yet to know what other people need. But at the same time your own needs are uniquely valuable, because your needs predict future demand. You're the age when people start using new things. Whatever you and your friends start using now, everyone is going to be using in ten years. Since your intuitions about other people's needs are usually a crap signal, and your own needs are an especially valuable one, you should usually listen to the second signal; you should make something you and your friends want.

意译: 你还年轻,通常年轻的创始人应该去创造他们自己想要的东西。你目前还没有足够的经验去了解其他人的需求。但与此同时,你自身的需求具有独特的价值,因为你的需求预示着未来的市场。你正处于人们开始尝试新事物的年纪。无论你和你的朋友现在开始用什么,十年后所有人都会用。既然你对他人需求的直觉通常是个糟糕的指标,而你自己的需求是一个极具价值的指标,那么你通常应该听从第二个指标;你应该去创造你和你的朋友们想要的东西。

直译: 你是年轻的,并且通常年轻的创始人应该制造他们自己想要的东西。你还没有足够的经验去知道其他人需要什么。但在同时你自己的需求是独特地有价值的,因为你的需求预测未来的需求。你是人们开始使用新事物的年纪。无论你和你的朋友现在开始使用什么,每个人在十年后都将使用(它)。既然你关于其他人需求的直觉通常是一个糟糕的信号,而你自己的需求是一个特别有价值的信号,你通常应该听从第二个信号;你应该制造你和你的朋友想要的东西。

Making something you and your friends want doesn't mean you have to build a consumer product. Maybe you and your friends are molecular biologists, and there's something cool that could be done now to DNA that everyone else has overlooked. Maybe you and your friends are into drones. The idea doesn't have to have a wide appeal. It literally just has to appeal to you and your friends.

意译: 做你和朋友们想要的东西,并不意味着你必须去打造一款面向大众的消费级产品。也许你和你的朋友是分子生物学家,而现在恰好有一种大家都忽略了的、可以对DNA进行的酷炫操作。也许你和朋友们对无人机很着迷。这个想法不一定非要有广泛的吸引力。它真的只需要对你和你的朋友有吸引力就足够了。

直译: 制造一些你和你的朋友想要的东西并不意味着你必须建立一个消费者产品。也许你和你的朋友是分子生物学家,并且存在一些现在可以对DNA做的、其他所有人都忽略了的酷事情。也许你和你的朋友对无人机感兴趣。这个想法不必有广泛的吸引力。它字面上只需要吸引你和你的朋友。

Don't worry about the second number, the market size. Since you predict future demand, the market will grow. And it's always possible to expand into adjacent markets. All you need is a beachhead in the territory of unsatisfied need that you can expand from.

意译: 不要担心第二个数字,即市场规模。既然你预测的是未来的需求,市场必然会增长。而且,向相邻市场扩张总是可能的。你所需要的,只是在未满足需求的领域中建立一个可以向外扩张的立足点。

直译: 不要担心第二个数字,市场规模。因为你预测未来的需求,市场将会增长。并且它总是可能的去扩张进相邻的市场。所有你需要的是一个在未满足需求的领地里的滩头阵地,你可以从那里扩张。

How do you get an idea like that? The answer is one of the most counterintuitive things about startups — which is saying something, because there are a lot of counterintuitive things about startups. But the way to get the very best startup ideas is not to look for startup ideas. If you're consciously looking for startup ideas, it will make you too conservative. You'll lop off the outliers. Because the very best startup ideas tend to sound so lame, at first, that you'd reject them if you were consciously looking for startup ideas. That's what has prevented them from being discovered.

意译: 你怎么才能获得那样的想法呢?答案是关于初创企业最反直觉的事情之一——这很能说明问题,因为关于初创企业有很多反直觉的事情。但是,获得最顶尖初创企业想法的方法,恰恰是不去寻找初创企业的想法。如果你在刻意寻找初创企业的想法,这会让你变得过于保守。你会砍掉那些非主流的想法。因为最顶尖的初创企业想法起初往往听起来非常糟糕,以至于如果你在刻意寻找初创企业的想法,你就会拒绝它们。正是这一点阻碍了它们被人们发现。

直译: 你如何得到一个像那样的想法?答案是关于初创企业最反直觉的事情之一——这是在说明一些事情,因为关于初创企业有许多反直觉的事情。但是得到最好的初创企业想法的方式是不要去寻找初创企业想法。如果你有意识地寻找初创企业想法,它将使你太保守。你将砍掉异常值。因为最好的初创企业想法往往听起来如此糟糕,在起初,以至于你会拒绝它们,如果你有意识地寻找初创企业想法的话。那就是已经阻止它们被发现的东西。

Imagine what a bad idea Apple or Facebook or Airbnb seemed at first. How many people are going to want their own computers? How is a company going to make money from undergrads stalking one another online? Who's going to pay to sleep on an airbed on someone's floor? We know how these ideas turned out, so it's easy to rewrite history, but I remember very well how bad Facebook and Airbnb sounded at first. We funded Airbnb, and we thought the idea was bad. The reason we funded them was just that we liked the founders.

意译: 想象一下,苹果、脸书或爱彼迎最初看起来是多么糟糕的主意。有多少人会想要拥有自己的电脑?一家公司怎么能靠大学生在网上互相跟踪窥探来赚钱?谁会花钱睡在别人家地板上的充气床垫上?我们知道这些想法最终的结果,所以现在很容易去改写历史,但我清楚地记得脸书和爱彼迎最初听起来有多不靠谱。我们“确实投资了”爱彼迎,尽管我们当时认为这个主意很糟。我们投资他们的原因仅仅是因为我们喜欢这几位创始人。

直译: 想象苹果或脸书或爱彼迎起初看起来是一个多么坏的主意。有多少人将要想要他们自己的电脑?一家公司将要如何从在网上互相跟踪的本科生身上赚钱?谁将要付钱去睡在某人地板上的充气床垫上?我们知道这些主意结果如何,所以重写历史是容易的,但是我非常清楚地记得脸书和爱彼迎起初听起来有多坏。我们投资了爱彼迎,并且我们认为这个主意是坏的。我们投资他们的原因仅仅是我们喜欢这些创始人。

So how do you find startup ideas without looking for them? By working on projects with your friends. That's where the very best startups come from. Initially they're not even meant to be companies. They're just something people built because they thought it would be cool. That's how Apple and Google and Facebook all started. None of them were meant to be companies at first.

意译: 那么,如何在不刻意寻找的情况下发现创业点子呢?答案是和朋友一起做项目。最顶尖的初创公司正是由此诞生的。起初,它们甚至没打算成为公司。它们只是人们因为觉得酷而做出来的东西。苹果、谷歌和脸书都是这样起步的。它们一开始都没打算成立公司。

直译: 所以你如何找到初创公司的想法而不去寻找它们?通过和你的朋友们在项目上工作。那就是最好的初创公司来自的地方。最初它们甚至不被意图成为公司。它们只是人们建造的一些东西,因为他们认为它会很酷。那就是苹果、谷歌和脸书全部开始的方式。它们中没有一个最初被意图成为公司。

The reason this works is what I told you earlier: you predict future demand. So if you just build random stuff you think would be cool, the things you build will actually be far from random.

意译: 这种做法之所以行得通,正是我之前跟你说过的原因:你预测了未来的需求。因此,如果你只是去开发那些你觉得会很酷的随机产品,你最终做出来的东西其实一点也不随机。

直译: 这起作用的原因是我早先告诉你的:你预测未来的需求。所以如果你只是构建你认为会很酷的随机东西,你构建的东西实际上将远非随机。

This is one of those cases where your unconscious mind knows more than your conscious mind does. Anything that genuinely seems to you like it would be a cool thing to build has a high probability of leading to a good startup idea, no matter how preposterous it sounds. Whatever you build couldn't possibly sound more preposterous than a startup we funded in 2006 called Justin.TV. It consisted of one guy, Justin Kan, walking around with a camera on the side of his head, live streaming everything that happened to him. But this company ended up doing quite well. In fact you've probably heard of it, but under its new name, Twitch.

意译: 这就是那种你的潜意识比显意识知道得更多的情形之一。任何在你看来真正觉得做出来会很酷的东西,都有很高的概率带来一个好的创业点子,不管它听起来有多荒谬。无论你做什么,都不可能比我们在2006年投资的一家名为Justin.TV的初创公司听起来更荒谬。这家公司就靠一个人,贾斯汀·坎,头上绑着个摄像头到处走,把他身上发生的一切都进行直播。但这公司最后做得相当不错。事实上你可能听说过它,只不过是它的新名字——Twitch。

直译: 这是那些你的潜意识比你的有意识头脑知道得更多的案例之一。任何真正向你显得像是一个去构建的很酷的事物,拥有导致一个好初创公司主意的高概率,无论它听起来多么荒谬。无论你构建什么,都不可能听起来比一个我们在2006年资助的叫做Justin.TV的初创公司更荒谬。它由一个人组成,贾斯汀·坎,带着他头侧面的一个相机到处走,直播发生在他身上的一切。但是这家公司最终做得非常好。事实上你可能听说过它,但是在它的新名字下,Twitch。

The key to starting a successful startup is to understand some group of users so well that you can make exactly what they want. If you're young you can, and should, use the hack of making something for yourself. You understand yourself. But this is just an instance of the more general rule. Only by understanding users very deeply can you make something they love so much that they tell their friends about it, and only that can get you the exponential growth you need to make a startup really successful.

意译: 创办一家成功企业的关键在于,你要对某一群用户有极其深刻的了解,以至于能准确制造出他们想要的东西。如果你还年轻,你可以、也应该使用一个巧妙的策略:为自己量身定制产品。因为你了解你自己。但这只是一个更普遍法则的特例。只有极其深入地了解用户,你才能做出让他们爱不释手、甚至愿意向朋友推荐的产品;也只有这样,你才能获得让初创企业真正走向成功所需的指数级增长。

直译: 启动一个成功初创企业的关键是去了解某一群用户如此之好,以至于你能制造出确切地他们想要的东西。如果你年轻,你能,并且应该,使用为自己制造东西的技巧。你了解你自己。但这只是更一般规则的一个实例。只有通过非常深地了解用户,你才能制造出他们如此热爱以至于他们告诉朋友关于它的东西,并且只有那能给你带来你使初创企业真正成功所需要的指数级增长。

There are other ways to get rich than by starting startups. Some of those do require you to exploit people. But startups are the most common way to become really rich, and if you want to start a successful startup, the key is not exploitation but empathy. What do users really want? What could you do for them that would make their lives dramatically better? That kind of empathy is what we look for in founders, and what we cultivate in the ones we accept.

意译: 除了创办初创公司,还有其他致富的途径。其中一些途径确实需要你去剥削他人。但初创公司是真正致富最常见的途径,而且如果你想创办一家成功的初创公司,关键不在于剥削,而在于共情。用户真正想要什么?你能为他们做些什么,从而让他们的生活得到显著改善?那种共情正是我们在创始人身上寻找的特质,也是我们在所接纳的人身上培养的品质。

直译: 存在着不同于创办初创公司的其他致富方式。那些方式中的一些确实要求你去剥削人们。但是初创公司是变得真正富有的最常见方式,并且如果你想要创办一个成功的初创公司,关键不是剥削而是共情。用户真正想要什么?你能为他们做什么会使他们的生活戏剧性地更好?那种共情是我们真正在创始人中寻找的东西,以及我们在我们接受的人中培养的东西。

How people become rich in your society is one of the most important things to understand about it. You can't let your beliefs about this be determined by ideology, or movies, or historical examples that are centuries old. You must look at the world around you and see how it's actually done. If you want to do it yourself, obviously you'll be forced to understand how it's done. So I don't worry too much about you. The ones I worry about are the future prime ministers. You need to remember this talk. So for you I'm going to summarize the key ideas.

意译: 在你们的社会中,人们是如何致富的,这是关于这个社会最需要了解的重要事情之一。你不能让关于此事的信念被意识形态、电影或几个世纪前的历史案例所左右。你必须观察周围的世界,看看这究竟是如何实现的。如果你想自己去致富,显然你会被迫去了解其运作方式。所以我不太担心你们(这部分人)。我真正担心的是未来的总理们。你们需要记住这次谈话。因此,为了你们,我将总结一下核心观点。

直译: 人们在你们的社会中如何变得富有,是关于它去理解的最重要的事情之一。你不能让你关于这个的信念被意识形态,或电影,或几个世纪老的历史例子所决定。你必须看着你周围的世界并看到它实际上是如何被做到的。如果你想自己做它,显然你将被迫去理解它是如何被做到的。所以我不太担心你。我担心的人是未来的总理们。你需要记住这次谈话。所以为了你,我将要总结关键的想法。

There are two numbers that determine how big a startup gets, and thus how rich its founders become: the growth rate and how long it continues. You get the first by making something users like so much they tell their friends. You get the second by being in a big market. If you grow exponentially into a big market, your startup will become valuable, and you, as a shareholder, will become rich. You not only don't have to cheat to make this happen, it will happen automatically if you just keep making customers happy.

意译: 决定一家初创公司能做多大,以及其创始人能变得多富有的因素有两个:增长率和增长持续的时间。要获得第一个因素,你需要打造出用户极其喜爱以至于会口口相传的产品。要获得第二个因素,你需要身处一个庞大的市场。如果你在一个大市场中呈指数级增长,你的初创公司就会变得很有价值,而你作为股东也会变得富有。你不仅不需要为了实现这一目标而弄虚作假,只要你不断让客户满意,这一切就会自然而然地发生。

直译: 有两个数字决定了一个初创公司变得多大,并因此决定了它的创始人变得多富有:增长率和它持续多久。你通过制造用户非常喜欢以至于告诉他们朋友的东西来得到第一个。你通过处于一个大市场中来得到第二个。如果你指数级地增长进一个大市场,你的初创公司将变得有价值,并且你,作为一个股东,将变得富有。你不仅不必为了让这发生而作弊,如果你只是保持让客户高兴,它将自动发生。